
A | 摩尔线程和宇树科技,这两个最受关注的IPO项目,正在资本市场卷起一股旋风。

B | 9月下旬,摩尔线程即将上会的消息点燃了节前的资本市场,随之而来的是多个相关概念股的大涨,作为直接股东的和而泰自是不必多说,就连传闻中仅有微乎其微关联的景兴纸业也收获了连续涨停、可转债三日涨超50%。 LONDON -- The "specter of death" is hanging over Gaza amid an impasse over humanitarian access into the blockaded strip and Israel's "total siege" of Gaza, which has cut off the supply of water, food and fuel, U.N. Emergency Relief chief Martin Griffiths warned.Humanitarian aid and relief convoys carrying "hundreds of tonnes" of essential items have been streaming towards Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, his organization said. Many have parked outside Gaza awaiting access to the besieged enclave as pressure mounts for establishment of a humanitarian corridor that would enable the urgent delivery of aid."Aid access is our overwhelming priority," Griffiths said. "And we are in deep discussions hourly with the Israelis, with the Egyptians, with the Gazans about how to do that."Speaking Tuesday ahead of President Joe Biden's expected Wednesday trip to the region, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken said it is "critical" that aid begins flowing into Gaza.He announced that the United States and Israel have "agreed to develop a plan that will enable humanitarian aid from donor nations and multilateral organizations to reach civilians in Gaza."However, Egyptian authorities have said that Israel is not cooperating with delivery of aid into Gaza, with Egypt's Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry telling reporters that talks are yet to be fruitful, rendering the Rafah crossing -- the sole remaining official exit out of Gaza -- out of use."Until now the Israeli government has not taken a position on opening the Rafah crossing from the Gaza side to allow the entrance of assistance and exit of citizens of third countries," said Shoukry.At least four Israeli airstrikes have been recorded near the Rafah border crossing since the war began.Medical Aid for Palestinians told ABC News that the humanitarian crisis in Gaza is deepening, with local health services "overwhelmed.""For more than 16 years, Gaza has been suffering from an illegal blockade weakening it day by day. Medicines and drugs, before this escalation, were at 48% and 29% shortages. Health staff have always been overwhelmed and never paid enough, and lack of specialists was always an issue," said Mahmoud Shalabi, Senior Programmes Manager for Medical Aid for Palestinians in Gaza. "Now, the situation is even worse, and worse than any other escalation that Gaza has gone through"As the conflict enters day 11, at least 4,178 lives have been lost, including at least 1,400 killed in Israel and at least 2,778 in Gaza, according to the Israeli Health Ministry and the Palestinian Health Ministry."One healthcare worker described to me the situation at Gaza's largest emergency department as a slaughterhouse with bodies on the ground and no space to deal with huge influx of injuries," said Shalabi."Right now, Gaza needs medicines, medical disposables, and equipment. In addition, health staff and humanitarians need safe corridors to reach people and conduct their work safely without being targeted. The IDPs need shelter, food, health, psychosocial services, water, and the list goes on," said Shalabi."We hope that we will come out of this alive."Food and water supplies are also dwindling, aid organizations warning there are just "days" of stocks left for Gazans: "There is not one drop of water, not one grain of wheat, not a liter of fuel that has been allowed into the Gaza Strip for the last eight days," said Philippe Lazzarini, chief of U.N. Aid for Palestinians.The World Health Organization has said it is "advocating vigorously for the opening of Rafah crossing.""Not just one-time access but sustained, unhindered access to Gaza," said WHO's Regional Emergency Director Dr. Richard Brennan.The organisation has raised concerns over potential disease outbreaks with at least 400,000 internally displaced persons seeking shelters in UNRWA schools. Overcrowding, lack of clean water and sanitation could lead to the spread of infections like cholera and dysentery, compounding on the plight of Gazans.Biden is on Wednesday due to head to Israel and Jordan, expected to discuss "humanitarian needs of civilians in Gaza" with Jordan's King Abdullah, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas."The siege in Gaza, the way it is imposed, is nothing else than collective punishment," said Lazzarini. "So, before it is too late, the siege must be lifted and aid agencies must be able to safely bring in essential supplies such as fuel, water, food and medicine."。 资本的野心从不止于单个项目。 于是,投资者开始寻找那些同时握有兑现摩尔线程和宇树科技IPO红利彩票的公司,不过,一箭双雕者寥寥——多数公司只是间接持股千分之几的概念尘埃,而具备实质性股权且存在业务放量的标的,更是凤毛麟角。 这并不难理解,摩尔线程的故事我们听得太多,自成立起便自带光环,诞生于国产替代的背景下,希望用国产GPU打破英伟达垄断,每一颗芯片都在为卡脖子松绑。

C | 与摩尔线程不同,宇树的融资经历就稍显坎坷了,投中网在《宇树融资故事:打破精英主义的傲慢》中曾提到:“VC对宇树的观感经历了三个阶段:2020年之前看不上、2024年之前摸不透、2024年之后投不到。”智元呢,继控股上市公司上纬新材后,又传出了即将赴港IPO的消息,即使公司随即否认,但剑指资本市场只是时间问题了。 基于此,能够同时押注成功这三家企业,前瞻性的判断必不可少。 我们梳理了这些公司,发现它们的布局逻辑迥异,有的是产业协同驱动的战略卡位,有的是财务投资主导的风险分散,更有传统企业借道基金的转型试探。来吧,让我们看看,摩尔线程、宇树、智元,哪些大赢家同时押注这些热门公司? 热闹的上市公司们 按照惯例,明星项目上市,最先受益的就是A股上的相关概念股。这些概念股又可以分为三类,直接持股的、间接持股且有合作的,仅有合作的。 在同时布局两大明星项目的阵营中,产业资本的身影尤为亮眼。它们有的只是与这两个项目有合作,有的间接持股但比例不算高,共同点是都与项目有着真金白银的生意往来,而间接持股方多少有点用股权绑定订单的意味,其中金发科技算得上是典型。 金发科技是国内一家高性能化工新材料生产制造商,其产品广泛应用于汽车、家电、新能源、人工智能及医疗健康等30多个领域,这之中自然也包括了机器人和芯片。所以,作为上游供应商的金发科技,早在市场达成共识之前,就看到了摩尔线程和宇树科技的潜力。 今年8月,金发科技相关负责人透露,公司已组建专业的人形机器人材料研发团队,与宇树科技、智元机器人等机器人厂商,展开材料合作开发,部分客户已实现批量供货。同样,金发科技为摩尔线程供应聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料用于GPU散热模块,同时与摩尔线程签署了战略协议,并成立“联合创新实验室”聚焦散热材料研发。 在股权层面,金发科技并非直接持有,而是通过金石成长基金间接持有宇树科技0.32%的股份。其他的产业方像是双环传动、中大力德也都类似,他们或是跟这两个项目有明显的合作关系,或是被传持有少量股份。 作为宇树科技的核心减速器供应商,双环传动为其H1人形机器人和Unitree四足机器人提供高精度的RV减速器、谐波减速器和行星减速器,且已经实现批量供货,同时与摩尔线程建立了战略合作,成为其AI算力集群供应链体系的一部分,为GPU芯片的封装和测试环节提供精密零部件支持。 同样,作为国内谐波减速器的头部企业,中大力德为宇树科技的人形机器人关节模组提供了核心传动部件,另有消息称其精密传动部件已进入摩尔线程的供应链备选名单。 根据市场传言,双环传动通过容腾基金持有宇树的少量股权,中大力德通过深创投也间接投资了摩尔线程,但我们通过股权穿透,并没有从市面已有公开信息上发现他们的持股信息,所以信息真实性仍需画个问号。 容亿投资创始合伙人、董事长黄金平曾告诉投中网,容亿是在2021年下半年做出投资决策,到了2023年下半年,又决策追加了一轮。他还提到,过去几年的融资不是为了现金流,更多是为了整合更好的资源。这也可以解释,多家产业方是通过容亿投资下的容腾基金系列投进宇树的。 与产业资本的主动布局不同,景兴纸业、大众公用等企业的投资更多体现为财务投资属性,既是传统主业对冲周期波动的尝试,也是分享科技红利的低成本路径。 景兴纸业的案例极具代表性。这家以牛皮箱板纸为主业的传统企业,在宇树科技端,则通过容腾基金间接持有股权,持股比例极低。根据公司最新官方声明,景兴纸业并未投资摩尔线程。 大众公用和七匹狼母公司的布局则更为间接,依托深创投,它们分别持有深创投10.79%和4.89%的股权,从而间接获得宇树科技摩尔线程的权益。而作为深创投的重要LP,它们的收益依赖于基金的退出节奏,对自身业绩贡献十分有限,这种“搭车式”投资,更多是低风险分享科技红利的配置选择,而非战略转型动作。 总的来说,大众公用和七匹狼母公司凭借其深创投重要股东的身份,间接搭上了宇树科技和摩尔线程这两趟硬科技快车,从而获得了“AI+机器人”的双重概念加持。 和而泰是A股中少数直接参股摩尔线程的上市公司,不仅直接持有1.244%股权,还通过珠海产投基金追加间接投资,初始3000万元投资估值已增值超80倍。 和而泰与摩尔线程的合作项目涵盖股权投资、代工生产、技术研发、智算中心建设及供应链协同五大领域,具体包括股权投资(持有1.244%股份)、GPU模块代工(年产能超30万颗)、 更关键的是其代工业务与技术协同的深度绑定,珠海基地承接摩尔线程30%以上的GPU模块代工订单。其合作还延伸至智能控制器联合开发、贵安AI智算中心共建及PCB组装服务等。双方合作始于2020年,2025年进入量产阶段。 深创投、红杉中国与腾讯、中国移动 相比于A股市场上的热闹,一级市场更像一场“水下”狂欢。 先从深创投说起,在上文我们提到,大众公用与七匹狼母公司都是作为深创投的LP,从而享受到了概念股红利。 具体地,投中嘉川CVSource显示,深创投在2021年2月参与了摩尔线程的Pre-A轮融资,这也是摩尔线程成立后的第二轮融资,相对来讲,深创投在摩尔线程的项目上进场还是比较早的。在宇树科技上,深创投也延续了在半导体领域的先发优势,是在2022年的B轮——也就是最后的非共识一轮投进的,后续在2024年还进行了追投。

D | 红杉中国与深创投的剧情类似,在2020年刚摩尔线程刚成立不久入局,投资宇树的时间则更早,在2019年底,之后又追投了Pre-A+轮和C轮。不过,对于另一个热门机器人项目——智元机器人,红杉则是在共识之后才“查缺补漏”的,其投资智元是在去年的3月。

E | 这也让红杉中国成为了同时押中摩尔线程、宇树和智元的机构。 除了这两个一级市场的绝对头部机构外,中国移动和腾讯也是同时手握这些明星项目的公司,只是他们都是在中后期才出手,一方面是真财大气粗,另一方面也跟他们的投资策略密不可分。在这里,我们并没有把他们归结为产业方,一来他们与项目方的合作并没有上下游供应链深入,二来从他们出手的情况来看,更偏向财务投资,并非战略投资。 摩尔线程的招股书显示,中国移动持有其2.57%的股份,是第九大股东。中国移动投资摩尔线程是在2022年底,作为15亿B轮融资的领投方出现,这轮融资虽然轮次属于早期,但却已经是共识性非常强的一轮了,要知道在这轮的前两轮,都上演了十多家机构“团购”的戏码。 相比中国移动在项目浮出水面后重金切入,腾讯入局时机虽早但持股并不具优势。腾讯持有摩尔线程0.88%的股份,位列25名,比中国移动早一轮入局,也是在市场追捧摩尔线程热度最高时入局的,所以拿到的份额相对较小。 中国移动和腾讯投资宇树也是在强共识之后,去年的C轮才投进去,可能是由于项目过于火爆,中国移动和腾讯占据了多个联合领头方的两个席位,这一轮次的金额只有7亿,推测下来,他们在宇树的项目中占据的股权并不多,重在参与。 稍显幸运的是,腾讯在今年通过投资和买老股的方式,成功入股了智元机器人,这种广撒网的布局策略也使其成为一家手握摩尔线程、智元机器人和宇树的公司。从腾讯这种积极入局热门项目的态度来看,似乎是要通过股权投资的方式打一场漂亮的翻身仗。

F | 中国移动也好,腾讯也罢,或许由于主营业务过于强势,他们的股价并没有像上述概念股一样出现多次的跟风大涨,这种差异现象,也为我们开头的疑问提供了一个答案。

G | 那就是概念股的价值不在于长期持有,而在于那一刻的兑现,兑现之后,故事落幕。反之,对于真正的受益者来讲,这场产业与股权红利,才刚刚开始拉开帷幕。
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