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Grassroots official’s 30-year fight against desertification in North China_我的网站
一 |
Ecological restoration
For over 30 years, Wensuyalatu, a member of the leadership group of the Urad Rear Banner forestry and grassland bureau, has made the Gobi Desert his workplace, dedicating his life to combating desertification, advancing ecological restoration through technological innovation, and helping local herders increase their incomes, according to the local bureau's official WeChat account.
Located on the edge of the desert in Bayannur's Urad Rear Banner, it is a key area in China's Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, a major ecological project aimed at strengthening the country's northern ecological security barrier.
However, early afforestation efforts in the desert were far from easy at the start.
The project covers 103,800 mu (about 6,920 hectares), including comprehensive treatment of 24,500 mu of desertified land, ecological restoration of 4,100 mu of non-desertified land, and 75,200 mu of enclosed grassland restoration. The project also includes the construction of 11 small-scale water conservation facilities, all of which required strict standards and extensive coordination.
The project also includes the construction of 11 small-scale water conservation facilities, all of which required strict standards and extensive coordination.
In 1991, Wensuyalatu, then in his early 20s, chose to devote himself to forestry and grassland conservation in the Urad Rear Banner. Since then, he has remained on the front lines of desertification control, witnessing the region's harshest environmental challenges and working to find solutions adapted to the fragile desert ecosystem.
In the early years, afforestation in the Gobi Desert was an extremely difficult task. The most critical planting season in spring often coincided with the strongest sandstorms of the year. Every year during the key afforestation period, Wensuyalatu would stay deep in the desert, guiding workers on planting techniques and management practices, while carefully overseeing every detail of the ecological restoration projects.
"Every spring, the wind and blown sand were so strong that it was hard to keep your eyes open. The sand hit your face like needles. During the day, we followed workers to dig holes and plant trees, and at night we stayed in temporary shelters to organize data and review the day's work. That was the normal routine for desertification fighters," Wensuyalatu recalled.
The road to restoring the desert was far from easy. Years of drought, low survival rates of seedlings, and skepticism from some local residents created major obstacles.
"At the beginning, it was really difficult. The climate was extremely dry, and many seedlings died after being planted. Some herders did not understand or support the work. They believed deserts were naturally barren and that no amount of effort could make trees grow there," Wensuyalatu said.
To change these perceptions, Wensuyalatu brought local residents to see firsthand the damage caused by desert expansion. Through visible results and long-term communication, he gradually won the understanding and support of the community.
Facing the ecological challenges of the Urad Rear Banner, Wensuyalatu began exploring new approaches beyond traditional restoration methods.
Since 2004, he has led efforts to tackle desert restoration challenges by introducing large-scale aerial seeding projects, creating a breakthrough approach for restoring degraded desert ecosystems in the region.
"Compared with traditional methods, aerial seeding is more efficient and can cover wider areas. Based on local climate and soil conditions, we select suitable desert plant seeds and precisely control the seeding height, density and timing to improve survival rates as much as possible and accelerate desert recovery," Wensuyalatu explained.
After years of effort, the aerial seeding projects under Wensuyalatu's leadership have restored more than 800,000 mu of desert land, with an effective restoration rate of 62.2 percent.
He also developed an integrated management approach combining "protection, management, retreat, restoration and publicity," establishing a mixed vegetation system of trees, shrubs and grass to curb desert expansion and reduce sandstorms at their source.
Beyond restoring greenery, Wensuyalatu has also focused on strengthening scientific research and protecting native desert species.
Starting in 2010, he devoted himself to the artificial cultivation of endangered native desert plants. After more than a decade of repeated experiments, he successfully developed cultivation techniques for rare species such as the endangered evergreen broadleaf shrub Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Mongolian almond and drought-resistant elm.
Under his leadership, his team cultivated 6.5 million seedlings and completed more than 4,000 mu of high-quality afforestation projects, with seedling survival rates consistently exceeding 80 percent.
For Wensuyalatu, desert restoration is not only about creating ecological benefits, but also about improving people's livelihoods.
He has long promoted the idea that "trees should bring both ecological value and economic value." By leveraging local desert resources, he helped establish a 10,000-mu industrial base for desert plants and cistanche - a medicinal plant often grown in desert environments - across four key local villages, integrating ecological restoration with specialty desert industries.
"In the past, people thought desertification control was simply about planting trees - it took a lot of efforts but brought little income. Now things are different. By planting trees and developing industries such as cistanche cultivation, desert land can generate real wealth," a local herder said.
To ensure that local communities benefit from ecological development, Wensuyalatu introduced enterprises, supported family forest farms and professional cooperatives, and promoted large-scale, market-oriented operations.
The once barren desert has gradually become a "green treasure chest" for local herders, achieving a win-win outcome: greener landscapes, improved ecosystems, stronger businesses and higher incomes.
"Desertification control is not just an ecological project, but also a project that benefits people," Wensuyalatu said.
"Only when communities gain real benefits from protecting nature will they actively participate in ecological conservation. That is the key to making restoration efforts sustainable and achieving the vision that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets," Wensuyalatu said.
Global Times
。 芝能智芯出品 2026 年第二季度，芯片融资情况一览。 钱有的是，主要给了 AI 和它的配套。这一季有 80 家半导体初创企业拿到融资，合计超过 60 亿美元，其中 18 家单轮就破了 1 亿美元。 把第一季度的 84 亿美元加进来，光 2026 上半年，全球半导体初创就拿了 140 亿美元出头。 这堆钱没有平均分给每家公司，少数被看好的方向拿走了大头，剩下的赛道靠边站。
二 | Part 1 融资的情况， 钱主要去了哪几个方向 第一季度的画风更猛：同样是 80 家初创，融资冲到 84 亿美元，18 家拿到 1 亿美元以上的 mega-round，Rapidus 和 Cerebras 两家直接摸到了 10 亿美元线。
三 | 从 2025 年第一季度到 2026 年第一季度这五个季度，半导体初创在公开轮次里总共募了超 180 亿美元。 钱的分布很不均匀。 ◎ AI 计算芯片这一个品类，五年里吸走了大约 96 亿美元，是其他任何品类的四倍以上。每个季度排在前三的交易，往往吃掉了当季总额的 57% 到 81%，说明投资人反复把筹码压在少数几张"明牌"上。
四 | ◎ 另一个信号是资本地板在抬高，AI 芯片赛道里，没有一笔交易低于 2300 万美元，种子阶段的试错窗口正在关上。 把第二季度的 80 家公司摊开，大致能归成几大块。 ◎ 最大的一池是 AI 硬件：数据中心大芯片、推理加速器、边缘 AI 硅、还有专门给 AI 做网络互联的芯片。 过去一年资金几乎都堆在面向数据中心的训练芯片上，这一季边缘端硅重新有了热度，投资人看上了"实体人工智能"和设备端实时应用的前景。 ◎ 第二块是处理器与 SoC，里头 RISC-V 最抢眼。 SiFive 拿到 4 亿美元 G 轮，连英伟达都进来跟投。再往下是光子与光学，薄膜铌酸锂、光路开关、光子 ASIC 这些方向，几乎是每个季度的常客。
五 | 先进封装与 OSAT 也在升温，既有"地缘中立"的新厂冒头，也有 Chiplet 平台继续拿钱。 ◎ 剩下的板块各有各的戏：制造与设备、EDA 与设计服务、检测量测在往智能化走；功率半导体因为高压、高电压场景被重新重视；传感器、内存存储、量子计算也都有代表交易。量子这一块尤其突出，后面单独说。 Part 2 分方向盘点： 新公司、新方向、亮点 ● 方向一：AI 推理芯片，从"训练"转向"把模型跑起来" 训练热潮过后，资本开始认真押注推理专用的硅。 ◎ 最炸裂的一笔来自 Etched，这家公司 6 月底走出隐身，宣布累计融了 8 亿美元，估值 50 亿，还签下了超 10 亿美元的客户合同。 它的 Sohu 芯片把 Transformer 架构直接烧进硅里，用台积电 N4P 工艺流片，它交付的远不止一颗芯片，连整台机柜都一并设计交付。 投资人名单也够唬人：Karpathy、Hinton、李飞飞、Peter Thiel、Jane Street 都在列。 Etched 的打法是从芯片、封装、PCB、冷板到互连一起设计，它赌的是"早一步做出全栈机柜"比纸面跑分更有用。 走同一条路的还有不少： ◎ 英国 Fractile 拿了 2.2 亿美元，把计算和内存放在同一颗裸片上做存算一体； ◎ 新加坡 Acrab 走出隐身就融了 3.5 亿美元以上，做边缘代理 AI 的全栈计算架构； ◎ 美国 Upscale AI 融了 1.9 亿美元，专攻 AI 网络互联。 一个清晰的转向是，推理芯片过去强调兼容通用 GPU，今年更多公司选择为某类负载定制全栈系统。 ● 方向二：RISC-V 往数据中心走 ◎ SiFive 那 4 亿美元 G 轮，明确要加速面向数据中心的 RISC-V CPU 和 AI IP。 ◎ 韩国 XCENA（前身 MetisX）拿了 1.35 亿美元 B 轮，做基于 RISC-V 的近数据处理（CXL）。 看点在于，RISC-V 早先是嵌入式和 MCU 的天下，如今开始碰数据中心和 AI 负载，和 x86、Arm 在服务器底座上正面交锋的戏码，慢慢有了苗头。 ● 方向三：光子与光互联成了常青赛道 ◎ HyperLight 拿了 8000 万美元 C 轮，做的是薄膜铌酸锂； ◎ nEye 同样 8000 万美元 C 轮，做光子光路开关，瞄准 AI fabric； ◎ 英国 CamGraPhIC 拿了 2.486 亿美元政府拨款做光子。 趋势很清楚：搬数据和算数据，在资本眼里一样重要，光互联几乎每个季度都有交易冒出来。 ● 方向四：先进封装与地缘再布局 ◎ 马来西亚的 FusionAP 拿了 200 万美元种子轮，打的是"地缘中立" OSAT 平台的旗号； ◎ Singapore 之外，Silicon Box 靠债权融了 7700 万美元继续扩 Chiplet 产能。 封装被重新估值，根源在"后摩尔"，晶体管越做越小越来越难，把裸片叠起来、封起来的空间反倒大了。 中国这边对应得更热闹。 ◎ 武汉的湖北星辰完成超 40 亿元人民币 A 轮，是今年国内先进封装最大一笔，主攻 3D 封装； ◎ 无锡华进半导体完成超 12 亿元股权融资，加码 2.5D/3D 集成三期； ◎ 长电科技、通富微电、华天科技 2026 上半年合计宣布扩产投资 274 亿元，全部压在 AI 算力核心封装上。 后摩尔时代，封装成了突破性能瓶颈的一条主路。 ● 方向五：检测与 EDA 被 AI 重塑 ◎ 荷兰 Nearfield Instruments 拿了 3.8 亿美元 D 轮，做的是 3 纳米及以下节点的无损在线量测； ◎ Invisix 作为 ASML 分拆公司，拿了 2330 万美元种子轮做软 X 射线量测； ◎ Cognichip 融了 6000 万美元，做物理感知的 AI 芯片设计； ◎ Architect Labs 拿了 2400 万美元种子，做 AI 设计验证芯片。 有意思的是，AI 不光是芯片的应用对象，也开始反过来加速芯片本身的设计与制造。
六 | ● 方向六：量子计算爆发 这一季量子赛道格外亮眼：21 家量子公司完成募资，其中 6 家破 1 亿美元。
七 | 技术路线也多元，超导、自旋、中性原子、离子阱都有资本下注。Oxford Quantum Circuits 拿了 3.5 亿美元，QuantWare 1.78 亿，Quantum Motion 1.6 亿，Atom Computing 1 亿。 连低温控制电路、量子芯片检测、量子互联这些配套环节都拿到了钱，说明生态在成形，已经从单点热闹走到了系统布局。 Part 3 政府和大厂在干什么 光靠风投撑不起先进制程。 ◎ 日本对 Rapidus 追加了约 9.43 亿美元政府补贴，专攻 2 纳米厂建设； ◎ 西班牙 Openchip 拿到 1.32 亿美元政府投资； ◎ 意大利 CamGraPhIC 拿到 2.486 亿美元政府拨款； ◎ 澳洲的 NRF 等基金也在扶本土产能。 国家产业政策正在改写半导体融资的地图，Rapidus 和台湾南亚科在 Q1 合计就募了 42 亿美元，靠的是政策背书。 Part 4 对中国芯片行业的读法 把镜头切回国内。 2026 上半年，中国一级市场里半导体赛道发生了 611 起融资、估算规模约 408.9 亿元人民币，持续受益于国产替代与产业升级；同期 AI 赛道以 1330 亿元居首，占了全部赛道的三成多。 江苏年内超 20 家半导体企业拿到融资，近 10 家排队 IPO，无锡研微半导体靠高端薄膜沉积设备拿下近 7 亿元 A 轮，创下当地年内之最； 碳化硅功率的中瑞宏芯、硅基微显示的芯视半导体也都拿到亿元级融资。 对照全球盘面，中国在制造、设备、先进封装这些"硬基建"上投入很猛，海外则更多在 AI 推理芯片、RISC-V、量子这些前沿架构上下注，两边形成了一种互补。
八 | 小结 2026 年的芯片融资，主线是 AI 和它的配套，但真正耐看的变化发生在主线的边上。 边缘硅回暖、光子常青、RISC-V 进数据中心、封装被重估、量子爆发，每一个信号都在说，下一波算力不只会从更先进的制程里来，也会从更聪明的互联、更高效的封装、更专用的架构里来。 资本已经用钱投了票，剩下的，是看哪条路先把账算平。
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